How Dental Laser Therapy Works
Laser-tissue interaction is selective: different wavelengths are absorbed differently by water, pigment and mineralised tissue. The clinician chooses the laser type, power and pulse settings for the intended tissue and procedure. Diode and carbon-dioxide lasers are commonly associated with soft-tissue treatment, while erbium lasers can also be used for selected hard-tissue procedures.
A photothermal effect can cut tissue and coagulate small blood vessels, creating a clearer operating field. A photochemical effect can reduce bacterial load, while low-level laser therapy, also called photobiomodulation, uses lower energy to influence cellular activity, inflammation and healing rather than remove tissue.
The effects depend on wavelength, dose and clinical technique. Laser treatment must be planned and delivered by a trained clinician with appropriate eye protection and safety controls.
